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he goal of this part is to provide deep and broad coverage of JPA in a digestible manner. After reading this part of the book, you will have all the knowledge necessary to start developing robust business applications using JPA. 7, Implementing domain models, covers domain modeling, a central concept in ORM. The chapter describes how a conceptual business application domain model is translated to JPA entities, embedded objects, and entity relationships. 8, Object-relational mapping, takes on the most complicated aspects of ORM: mapping entities, embedded objects, and entity relationships to databases. The chapter covers the annotations you can use for mapping objects to tables and fields to table columns. It also explores mapping various data types, primary keys, relationships, and OO inheritance to databases. 9, Manipulating entities with EntityManager, describes the JPA EntityManager, a central interface that defines persistence operations. You ll learn how the EntityManager interface is used to create, update, delete, and retrieve entities persisted in the database. The chapter also deals with the entity lifecycle as it relates to ORM persistence operations. 10, Using the query API and JPQL to retrieve entities, covers object-relational queries. The chapter explores the use of the JPA query interface in detail. In addition, the chapter outlines how the Java Persistence Query Language ( JPQL) is used to retrieve entities from the database in an extremely flexible and robust manner.

Most of today s enterprise systems save their data into a relational database of some kind This is why persistence the process of saving and retrieving data from permanent storage has been a major application development concern for many decades As a matter of fact, some authoritative sources claim that a great majority of enterprise development efforts concentrate on the problem of persistence Arguably, after JDBC, EJB 2 entity beans have been the most significant groundbreaking solution to the problem of persistence in Java Unfortunately, many of us who developed entity beans experienced an API that felt overcomplicated, cumbersome, and unpolished It is pretty fair to say entity beans were the most weakly conceived part of EJB 2 In the past few years, lightweight persistence solutions like Hibernate and TopLink successfully filled the gap left open by entity beans.

Notice in addition to the placement of the specified tags that we included the primkey-field attribute in the @ejb.bean tag at the class declaration level. Note that you must also use the @ejb.persistence tag in combination with the @ejb.pk-field tag.

The following toBeTraced pointcut descriptor defines four parameters (src, dst, ref, and qty): pointcut toBeTraced( Customer src, Order dst, String ref, int qty ) Pointcut parameters can pass three kinds of information: the source of the joinpoints that are included in the pointcut, the target of those joinpoints, and the parameters of those joinpoints The goal is to expose the information from the joinpoint so the advice code can access that information The source and target of the joinpoints are accessed with a modified version of the this and target operators, which we previously presented Instead of being associated with a class name, the operators here use an identifier The arguments of the joinpoints are accessed with the args operator followed by a list of identifiers As an example, consider the following toBeTraced2 pointcut descriptor: pointcut toBeTraced2( Customer src, Order dst, String ref, int qty ) : call(* **(..

The EJB 3 Java Persistence API (JPA) brings the innovative ideas created by these popular solutions into the Java EE standard and leaves behind the entity beans paradigm Domain modeling is a concept inseparably linked with persistence In fact, it is often the domain model that is persisted As a result, it makes good sense to present JPA by breaking things down into four chapters that might mirror the iterative process of developing the domain model and persistence layer of the ActionBazaar application We have decided on four convenient development phases: defining, persisting, manipulating, and querying the domain model In this chapter, we briefly introduce domain modeling, present the ActionBazaar domain model, and implement part of the domain model using the EJB 3 JPA In chapter 8 we explain how entities in our domain model are persisted into a database by using object-relational mapping.

In chapter 9, we manipulate the entities using the EntityManager API Finally, in chapter 10, we query the persisted entities using the EJB 3 query API..

The result of using these tags is a source file named ItemBeanPK.java (containing the ItemBeanPK class). Listing 2.11 shows the generated code for this class.