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@Stateless public class BidManagerBean implements BidManager { @Resource SessionContext context; ... public void cancelBid(Bid bid, Item item) { if (!context.isCallerInRole("CSR")) { throw new SecurityException( "No permissions to cancel bid"); } ... } ... }

Listing 6.6 first injects the EJB context b. We use the isCallerInRole method of the EJBContext to see if the underlying authenticated principal has the CSR role C. If it does not, we throw a java.lang.SecurityException notifying the user about the authorization violation D. Otherwise, the bid cancellation method is allowed to proceed normally. We discuss both the security management related methods provided in the EJB context next, namely isCallerInRole and getCallerPrincipal. isCallerInRole and getCallerPrincipal Programmatic security is made up solely of the two previously mentioned security-related methods. The methods are defined in the javax.ejb.EJBContext interface as follows:

The message-driven EJB shown in the recipe processes messages containing equity information. The actual message-processing logic is not shown, so instead let s examine the handleError() method invoked only when an exception occurs during message processing. The session EJB interface shown in the recipe declares methods for handling different types of errors. For example, the session bean has a specific way it can handle session bean errors, entity bean errors, and messagedriven bean errors. Using an error-handling system like this does not have to take the place of a normal transactional system. Instead, it acts as a way to store information on errors occurring in your application acting as a logger of errors, and possibly offloading them to a management system.

public interface EJBContext { ... public java.security.Principal getCallerPrincipal(); public boolean isCallerInRole(java.lang.String roleName); ... }

The second keyword, within, exists for filtering joinpoints This keyword is associated with a class or interface name and can contain wildcards The within keyword allows you to retain joinpoints that are defined in a given class or set of classes Two keywords, this and target, allow you to perform filtering depending on object references You previously learned that getThis and getTarget return the current object and the target object of a call or execution joinpoint, respectively For instance, for the call type, getThis returns the reference to the caller, and getTarget returns the reference to the called object The this and target keywords play the same role for pointcut descriptors, and they apply filtering depending on the class of the current object or target object Each is associated with a class or interface name and can contain wildcards The expression call( * aop.*addItem(.) ) && this(aop.

You ve already seen the isCallerInRole method in action; it is fairly selfexplanatory. Behind the scenes, the EJB context retrieves the Principal associated with the current thread and checks if any of its roles match the name you provided. The getCallerPrincipal method gives you direct access to the java. security.Principal representing the current authentication context. The only

method of interest in the Principal interface is getName, which returns the name of the Principal. Most of the time, the name of the Principal is the login name of the validated user. This means that just as in the case of a homemade security framework, you could validate the individual user if you needed to. For example, let s assume that we had a change of heart and decided that in addition to the CSRs, bidders can cancel their own bids as long as the cancellation is done within a minute of putting in the bid. We could implement this using the getCallerPrincipal method as follows:

2.1 Generating home, remote, local, and local home interfaces 2.2 Adding and customizing the JNDI name for the home interface 2.5 Generating a primary key class

public void cancelBid(Bid bid, Item item) { if (!context.isCallerInRole("CSR") && !(context.getCallerPrincipal().getName().equals( bid.getBidder().getUsername()) && (bid.getTimestamp() >= (getCurrentTime() - 60*1000))))) { throw new SecurityException( "No permissions to cancel bid"); } ... }